A quorum is the minimum number or percentage of participants required before a meeting can validly conduct business.
In plain language, a group cannot usually make official decisions unless enough eligible people are present or represented.
Why it matters
Quorum matters because corporate and association decisions can be challenged if the meeting lacked enough participation. Without quorum, votes may be invalid or only limited business may proceed.
The term appears in board meetings, shareholder meetings, member meetings, and nonprofit governance.
Where it appears
Quorum rules appear in bylaws, operating agreements, shareholder agreements, meeting notices, board minutes, proxy materials, and corporate disputes.
Practical example
A corporation’s bylaws require a majority of directors for quorum. If only two of seven directors attend, the board may be unable to approve major action.
How it differs from nearby terms
Quorum differs from a proxy vote. Quorum asks whether enough participation exists; a proxy vote lets someone vote through an authorized representative.
It also differs from bylaws, which may define the quorum requirement.
Related terms
Quick knowledge check
Question: What does quorum measure?
Answer: Whether enough eligible participants are present or represented for valid business action.