Ultra vires means beyond legal authority.
Why It Matters
This concept matters because agencies and public bodies may act only within the authority granted to them. A challenger can argue that a decision, rule, or action is invalid because the government actor exceeded the powers the law allows.
Where It Appears
Ultra vires claims appear in administrative-law cases, municipal-law disputes, corporate law, and public-law litigation involving the scope of delegated authority.
Practical Example
An agency issues a rule that reaches far beyond the field described in its governing statute. A court challenge may argue the rule is ultra vires.
How It Differs From Nearby Terms
An enabling statute is the source of authority. Delegated authority describes the power actually granted. Ultra vires is the conclusion or claim that the actor went beyond that granted power.
Related Terms
Knowledge Check
- What does ultra vires mean in plain language? It means the government body acted beyond the legal authority it was given.
- What document often helps define whether action is ultra vires? The enabling statute often helps define the scope of lawful authority.