Attorney-client privilege is a legal protection for certain confidential communications between a lawyer and client made for the purpose of seeking or giving legal advice.
In plain language, it can keep protected legal-advice communications from being forced into disclosure. It does not protect every fact, every business discussion, or every communication that includes a lawyer.
Why it matters
Attorney-client privilege matters because people and organizations need to communicate candidly with lawyers to understand legal rights, obligations, risks, and strategy. The privilege can be central in discovery, subpoenas, investigations, and trial evidence.
It also matters because privilege can be waived if communications are shared outside the protected relationship or handled inconsistently with confidentiality.
Where it appears
The term appears in discovery disputes, privilege logs, depositions, internal investigations, subpoenas, document production, and motions to compel.
Practical example
A company employee emails company counsel asking for legal advice about a pending lawsuit. That communication may be protected if it meets the requirements for attorney-client privilege.
How it differs from nearby terms
Attorney-client privilege is a type of privilege. Privilege is the broader category; attorney-client privilege is one specific protection.
It also differs from an NDA. An NDA is a contract about confidentiality. Attorney-client privilege is an evidence and discovery protection.
Related terms
Quick knowledge check
Question: Does attorney-client privilege protect every conversation with a lawyer?
Answer: No. It generally protects confidential communications for legal advice, not every fact or business discussion.