Authentication is the process of showing that evidence is what its proponent claims it is.
In plain language, before a document, photo, recording, message, object, or digital file can be used, the court may require a foundation showing that it is genuine enough for the purpose offered.
Why it matters
Authentication matters because evidence can be mistaken, altered, mislabeled, fabricated, or taken out of context. The rule helps the court decide whether there is enough basis to let the item be considered.
It is especially important for digital evidence, business records, text messages, photos, videos, and physical objects.
Where it appears
Authentication appears in trial foundations, evidence objections, depositions, motion exhibits, chain-of-custody disputes, and hearings over digital records.
Practical example
A party offers a screenshot of a text message. A witness may need to explain how the screenshot was captured, whose number appears, and why the witness recognizes the message as genuine.
How it differs from nearby terms
Authentication differs from chain of custody. Chain of custody tracks handling of an item over time. Authentication is the broader showing that the item is what it claims to be.
It also differs from admissible evidence. Authentication is one requirement; other rules may still affect admissibility.
Related terms
Quick knowledge check
Question: What is authentication trying to show?
Answer: That the evidence is what the proponent says it is.