Voir dire is a questioning process used to evaluate potential jurors or, in some contexts, to examine whether a witness or evidence issue meets legal requirements.
The phrase is most commonly associated with jury selection, but it can also appear in evidence hearings.
Why voir dire matters
In jury selection, voir dire helps identify bias, conflicts, hardships, or other reasons a potential juror may not be suitable for a case.
In evidence settings, voir dire can help the court decide whether a witness has the qualifications, foundation, or personal knowledge needed before testimony proceeds.
Where voir dire appears
Voir dire appears before jury trials, during challenges for cause, when parties use peremptory challenges, and sometimes when expert or foundation issues arise during trial.
The court controls the process, and the amount of attorney questioning varies by jurisdiction and judge.
How it differs from nearby terms
Voir dire is the questioning process. A jury trial is the broader trial format where jurors decide disputed facts.
Cross-examination occurs after a witness gives testimony, while voir dire may occur before a juror is seated or before certain testimony is admitted.
Practical example
Before a personal injury trial, potential jurors are asked whether they know the parties, have strong views about lawsuits, or have experiences that may affect impartiality. That questioning is voir dire.
Related Terms
Quick check
Question: Is voir dire only used for jury selection?
Answer: No. Jury selection is the most common use, but voir dire can also be used to examine witness or evidence issues.