A prima facie case is an initial showing that, if accepted as true, is legally sufficient to support a claim or defense.
The phrase means the party has enough on the required elements to move forward unless the other side defeats or rebuts the showing.
Why a prima facie case matters
The concept helps courts test whether a claim has enough legal and factual support to proceed. It can matter before discovery, during motions, at trial, or when a statute sets a burden-shifting framework.
Failing to make a prima facie case can end a claim before the opposing party must fully answer it.
Where a prima facie case appears
Prima facie case appears in complaints, motions to dismiss, summary judgment motions, discrimination cases, evidence rulings, and administrative hearings.
It is especially common when a rule lists specific elements that must be shown.
How it differs from nearby terms
A prima facie case is not the same as winning the case. It is an initial legally sufficient showing.
A final judgment comes after the court resolves the dispute, while a prima facie case may be assessed much earlier.
Practical example
A plaintiff alleging discrimination may first need to show facts that satisfy the required prima facie elements. If that showing is made, the burden may shift to the employer to provide a lawful explanation.
Related Terms
Quick check
Question: Does a prima facie case mean the party has already won?
Answer: No. It means the party has made an initial legally sufficient showing.