Intentional infliction of emotional distress is a tort based on extreme and outrageous conduct that intentionally or recklessly causes severe emotional harm.
Why intentional infliction matters
Intentional infliction matters because the law sometimes recognizes severe emotional injury even without a physical touching. The claim is usually narrow, however, because ordinary insults, conflicts, or rude behavior are often not enough.
Courts typically require conduct that goes beyond normal social or legal tolerance.
Where intentional infliction appears
Intentional infliction appears in civil lawsuits involving harassment, abuse of power, threats, severe workplace misconduct, family disputes, debt collection misconduct, or other extreme conduct. It may be pleaded with other intentional torts.
Practical example
A supervisor repeatedly threatens an employee with fabricated criminal accusations and public humiliation to force unpaid work. Depending on the facts and jurisdiction, intentional infliction may be alleged.
How intentional infliction differs from nearby terms
Intentional infliction differs from negligent infliction because the defendant’s mental state is intentional or reckless rather than merely careless. It differs from assault or battery because the core harm is severe emotional distress rather than apprehension of contact or physical contact.
Related terms
Quick knowledge check
Why is ordinary rude behavior usually not enough for intentional infliction of emotional distress?